Gimp is a far better choice for game development, as far as I know Photoshop still doesn't have "Color to Alpha" and doing "Alpha Threshold" on an Image in photoshop is a pain, in Gimp both of those functions are a single click.
Gimp also has the "InsaneBump" plugin for generating normal/height/ambient/specular maps, it apparently works in gimp on windows also but I have never had any success.
For Painting there is Kritia and it is years ahead of photoshop, so much so that its sponsored by Weta and Digital Domain.
Maya, Mudbox, MotionBuilder, Houdini, Nuke, Mari, Realflow, Modo, 3DCoat, .... All have a native Linux version.
That really depends, on what your trying to do. Example. Stitching a panoramic sphere-map using ImageMagick is a single cli command, Doing this using tools like Hugin can take a hour or more.
Another example is using Premake4(Lua based project build tool), to generate your makefiles the command is "premake4 gmake", I don't thing a gui could make that any easier to do.
Lots of things are easier or faster to do via a cli.